臨床護理人員下背痛預防性行為之探討-計畫行為理論之應用
Preventive Behavior of Low Back Pain among Clinical Nurses -Application of the

Theory of Planned Behavior

本研究主要是應用Ajzen(1985)所發展的計畫行為理論為研究基礎理論，進行臨床護理人員下背痛預防行為之探討，並瞭解臨床護理人員對下背痛預防行為之態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制與行為意向之影響。本研究採橫斷式調查法，立意選取台灣南部某區域教學醫院領有執照之執業護理人員為研究對象，取樣人數為200人，並以自擬之『臨床護理人員下背痛預防行為』之問卷進行資料的蒐集，所得資料以t-test、ANOVA、相關分析、階層迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析，重要結果如下：

一、本研究之研究對象包含185位護理員、4位組長、3位副護理長、8位護理長，其平均身高及體重為160.45公分及54.54公斤，平均年齡為31.32歲，平均工作年資為8.54年，教育程度以專科學歷為主，大多已婚，且近八成的研究對象曾有下背痛的經驗，以每月痛一至兩次為最多。
二、態度、主觀規範及知覺行為控制皆與其信念有顯著相關，亦即態度與「行為信念」×「結果評價」乘積成正相關（r＝0.235、p<0.01），主觀規範與「規範信念」×「依從動機」乘積成正相關（r＝0.643、p<0.001），而知覺行為控制與「控制信念」×「控制強度」乘積成正相關（r＝0.239、p＜0.01），皆達統計上顯著差異。

三、研究對象的婚姻狀況及生育子女數分別在「態度」上有顯著差異。其中，已婚者對執行下背痛預防行為之態度得分高於未婚者，生育三個子女(含）以上的研究對象高於無子女者。

四、研究對象之婚姻狀況及生育子女數分別在「行為意向」上有顯著差異。已婚者執行下背痛預防行為之行為意向得分高於未婚者，育兩個子女者高於無子女及三個（含）以上子女者。

五、對臨床護理人員下背痛預防行為之行為意向的預測力上，知覺行為控制是最重要的預測變項（β=0.482，p＜0.001），其他變項未達統計水準。

六、對臨床護理人員下背痛預防行為之行為的預測力上，行為意向是最重要的預測變項（β=0.478，p＜0.001），其次為知覺行為控制。

This study applied the theory of planned behavior developed by Ajzen (1985) as the basic research theory to investigate the preventive behavior for lower back pain among clinical nurses and to comprehend the effects of clinical nurses’ attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control of preventive behavior of low back pain on behavioral intention. A cross-sectional survey was utilized in this study, with licensed nurses from a regional teaching hospital in southern Taiwan as study subjects. A total of 200 samples were obtained. Data collected from “Preventive Behavior of Lower Back Pain among Clinical Nurses” survey was then analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, correlation and hierarchical regression analysis. Important results are as follow:

1.Subjects in this study included 185 nurses, 4 team leaders, 3 deputy head nurses and   8 head nurses, with average height and body weight of 160.45 cm and 54.54 kg.  The average age and working experience were 31.32 years old and 8.54 years, respectively. Majority of the nurses received junior college education and most of them are married. Nearly eighty percent of the subjects experienced lower back pain in the past, with one or two times per month being the most frequently observed. 
2.Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are all significantly related to one’s beliefs. Namely, attitude had a positive relationship with the 
product of “behavioral beliefs” and “evaluation” (r＝0.235, p<0.01), subjective norms had a positive relationship with the product of “normative beliefs” and “motivation to comply” (r＝0.643, p<0.001), and perceived behavioral control is positively related to the product of “control beliefs” and “power” (r＝0.239, p＜0.01). All the results showed statistical significance.

3.The marital status and number of children caused significant differences in the “attitude” of the subjects. Among them, married subjects scored higher in the attitude for conducting preventive behavior of lower back pain than those who were not married; moreover, the subjects who had given birth to more than three children (inclusive) scored higher than those who were childless.

4.The marital status and number of children caused significant differences in the “behavioral intention” of the subjects. Married subjects scored higher in the behavioral intention for conducting preventive behavior of lower back pain than those who were not married; moreover, the subjects who gave birth to two children scored higher than those who were childless and had more than three (inclusive) children.

5.As for the ability to predict the behavioral intention for preventive behavior of lower back pain among clinical nurses, perceived behavioral control was the most important predictor variable (β=0.482, p＜0.001), whereas other variables failed to show statistical significance.

6.As for the ability to predict the behavior for preventive behavior of lower back pain among clinical nurses, behavioral intention was the most important predictor variable (β=0.478, p＜0.001), followed by perceived behavioral control.