國中生體型意識、身體活動與飲食行為相關之探討
The study of Body image, physical activity and dietary behavior of middle school

students and the relation between them

本研究旨在探討國中生體型意識、身體活動和飲食行為之現況，並探討不同個人背景因素分別與體型意識、身體活動和飲食行為差異情形，以及體型意識、身體活動和飲食行為之間的相關性。以桃園縣國中生為研究對象，採隨機集束抽樣法抽取四校12班進行問卷調查，回收有效問卷427份。研究工具包括個人背景資料、體型意識、身體活動和飲食行為四部份，以次數分佈、平均數、標準差及排序等進行描述性統計，以t檢定(t-test)、卡方檢定、單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA)及皮爾森相關係數(Pearson correlation coefficient)進行推論性統計。研究結果發現：

一、研究對象有正向體型意識。女生較注重和在乎自己的外表，對身體各部位滿意度較低。七年級對身體各部位滿意度高於九年級。父親的教育程度與外表取向呈現負相關。身體質量指數（BMI）過重者滿意度最低。高自尊的國中生有較高的外表取向及身體各部位滿意度分數。
二、研究對象之運動階段以「準備期」的比率最高（55.5%），研究對象非上學日之身體活動量高於上學日之身體活動量。男生的運動階段和身體活動量高於女生。九年級的非上學日和三日之身體活動量低於七及八年級。母親教育程度高之國中生的規律運動情形高於其他國中生。高自尊之國中生的規律運動情形高於其他國中生。
三、研究對象有正向飲食行為。女生的飲食行為優於男生，女生的高熱量食物進食頻率低於男生、低熱量攝食技巧比男生好。九年級的飲食控制行為比七年級差。父母親教育程度高者及高自尊者有較佳均衡飲食狀況。低自尊者的飲食控制行為最差。

四、體型意識之身體各部位滿意度與身體活動有顯著正相關。
五、上學日及三日的身體活動與高熱量食物進食頻率有顯著正相關，上學日的身體活動與低熱量攝食技巧有顯著負相關。
六、外表取向和身體各部位滿意度皆與均衡飲食狀況和低熱量攝食技巧有顯著正相關，外表取向與飲食控制行為有顯著正相關。
    綜合上述研究結果，本研究建議教育部及學校研發體型意識、身體活動與健康飲食行為之健康促進計劃，讓學生接受多層面和多策略的整合型課程，以增進學生的健康。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body image, physical activity and dietary behavior of middle school students, discuss the difference between them cause for the different personal background of each studied subject, and find the relation between them. The 427 subjects are 7th, 8th and 9th graders randomly selected from four middle schools in Taoyuan county. The questionnaires included personal background information data, body image, physical activity and dietary behavior. The data thus collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics with frequency distributions, mean, standard difference and sorting, and the data were also analyzed by inferential statistics with t-test, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient The results are follows:

1. The study subjects have positive body image. Teenage girls and teenagers with   high self-esteem are more likely to have high appearance orientation scores. The body area satisfaction score of 7th grade is higher than that of 9th. There is a negative correlation between father’s education and appearance orientation. BMI definedoverweight teenagers have the lowest body area satisfaction score. Teenage boys and teenagers with high self-esteem are more likely to have higher body area satisfaction scores. Teenage boys and teenagers with low self-esteem are less likely to have high body image scores.
2. The percent rate of the preparation was the most (55%) of the exercise stages. The exercise stages and physical activity of boys were greater than those of girls, and the exercise stage of the high self-esteem is the most. The physical activity of non-school days and three days of 9th graders was less than that of 7th or 8th graders. The studied subjects of those, who’s mother has higher education degree, has more regular exercise, and so does that for the high self-esteem subjects.

3. The study subjects have positive dietary behavior. Girls have better dietary behavior than boys. Girls take less high calorie foods and reduce high calorie intakes. The dietary behavior of 9th graders’ is less than that of 7th graders’. Students of higher parents’ education and high self-esteem are more likely to have balanced diets. Teenagers with low self-esteem have lowest weight watch diet score.

4. The body image of body area satisfaction was positive correlated with physical activity.

5. The high calorie intakes frequency were dramatically positive correlated with   physical activity of school days and on both weekday and weekend, The physical activity and low calorie intakes skill were dramatically negative correlated on school days.

6. The appearance orientation and body area satisfaction are dramatically positive 
correlated with balanced dietary behavior and low calorie intakes skill, appearance orientation is dramatically positive correlated with dietary control behavior. 
Based on the research results, a multiple aspects and strategic curriculum that integrates school, family and community improves teenagers’ body image, dietary behavior and health.