吸菸與不吸菸高職進修學校女學生吸菸行為之探討-PRECEDE模式的應用
A Study on Smoking and non- Smoking Behavior of Female Students in

Continuation Vocational High School by PRECEDE Model

本研究之目的在應用PRECEDE模式探討影響吸菸與不吸菸高職進修學校女學生吸菸行為之素質因素，加強因素及使能因素與吸菸行為的現況；各變項與吸菸行為之差異性及吸菸族群各變項與吸菸行為之相關性；並找出影響吸菸行為的重要預測因素。採橫斷面設計，以分層隨機選樣法，針對桃園縣中壢市約2000名高職進修學校女學生為研究對象，有效樣本數為342份，採自填式問卷收集資料，問卷回收後以SPSS/windows10.0統計套裝軟體中的次數、百分比、平均數、標準差、最大值、最小值進行描述性統計分析，以卡方檢定、獨立樣本t考驗、皮爾森積差相關、邏輯斯迴歸進行推論性統計分析。主要發現如下：
（一） 吸菸盛行率為42.4﹪，其中公立學校為36.6﹪、私立學校為63.4﹪，平 

均菸齡為2.19年，一天以吸少於5支、進口菸、濃菸最多，尼古丁依賴程度以輕及中度最多。

（二） 所有研究對象對吸菸知識皆有相當正確的認知，答對率均在7成以上；有吸菸族群較贊成吸菸的態度，且自我效能較不吸菸族群差。

（三） 不吸菸族群與家人同住比率較吸菸族群高，且受到重要他人不應該吸菸之主觀規範的影響亦較吸菸族群高。吸菸族群的重要他人有吸菸比率較不吸菸族群多；且配偶（男朋友）及要好的朋友或同學是影響高職進修學校女學生吸菸行為之重要因素，其對女性吸菸有較高的接受度。

（四） 不吸菸者較知道且較贊成政府制定菸害防制法；只有21.1﹪的有吸菸者會因為菸品價格提高而不吸菸；二族群均認為有關吸菸危害警告標語的勸阻效果為根本無效者的比率均接近6成。

（五） 吸菸與不吸菸兩族群間有顯著差異之變項包括：公私立學校、學生年齡、
吸菸態度與吸菸自我效能、對女性吸菸的接受度、是否贊成政府制定菸害防治法、是否知道及贊成政府加徵菸品健康福利捐。

（六） 學生年齡越大者、吸菸自我效能越差者，平均每天吸菸支數越多、對於尼古丁的依賴程度也越深；女學生的吸菸行為與對母親、配偶（男朋友）、要好的朋友或同學吸菸態度的同意程度有關；尼古丁依賴程度越高者，越不贊成菸害防治法及加徵菸品健康福利捐，越不會因為菸品價格提高而不吸菸。

（七） 決定吸菸行為的重要預測因素為：吸菸態度（發生比：1.11）、吸菸自我效能（發生比：1.26）。

根據本研究結果，可提供校園預防吸菸及戒菸教育之參考，並提供未來研究方向之建議。

This study applied the PRECEDE model to investigate the smoking and non- smoking behavior of female students in continuation vocational high school. The purposes of the study were to: (1) understand the predisposing factors、reinforcing factors、enabling factors and smoking behavior among female students in continuation vocational high school; (2) investigate the difference and correlation between each variable with smoking behavior, and (3) identify the important factors that affect the behaviors of smoking. This study used cross sectional design, and a stratified random sampling technique was used to selection the sample, total 342 valid sample subjects were collected from 2000 female students in continuation vocational high school in Chungli city of Taoyuan county. A self-admitted questionnaires was used to collect data. The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 for windows, after treatment for descriptive statistics, the frequency、percentage、mean、standard deviation、minimum、maximum was computed. The inferential statistics included independent t-test, χ2, Person’s correlation, Logistic regression analysis were applied to examine the study hypotheses. The main findings of the study were as follows:
(1) The smoking prevalence rate of female students in all vocational continuation   

high schools was 42.4﹪,which was 36.6﹪among public schools, and 63.4﹪among private schools. The average of smoking years was 2.19，less than 5 stick per day, consumed imported and heavy cigarettes, the nicotine dependence level was from light to medium .

(2) All subjects had good scores in smoking knowledge, correct rate was over 70%. In attitude domain, the smoking group were tend to accept smoke behavior, and had lower scores in self-efficacy than non-smoking group.

(3) The rate of living with family was higher in non-smoking group; and their significant others also tended to not smoking. Smoking group’s significant others had smoking ratio higher than non-smoking group; The key person who influencing smoking behavior in study samples in continuation vocational high school were smoking group’s couple and closed friends or classmates; and more accept for female smoking.

(4) Non- smoking group knew and acclaim Tobacco Hazard Control Act than smoking group; there was only 21.1﹪of smoking group stop smoking because of increasing the price of tobacco . About 60﹪of total population that thought tobacco hazard caution commercial were ineffective.

(5)The significant different variables between smoking and non-smoking groups were: public /private school、age、attitude of smoking、self-efficacy of smoking、acceptable status for female smoking、whether or not acclaim Tobacco Hazard Control Act and impact of cigarette taxes policy.

(6)The variables which correlated with smoking behavior included: elder students、lower self-efficacy of smoking、smoked more cigarettes per day and more nicotine dependent level, agreement with couple and closed friends or classmates’ smoking attitude, disapproval Tobacco Hazard Control Act ,and disagree the increasing cigarette taxes policy.

(7) Attitude of smoking (odds ratio:1.11) and self-efficacy of smoking (odds ratio:1.26) were more important predictors of female students in continuation vocational high school.
Based on the findings of this study could serve as a reference on the campus smoking preventive and cessation program.